Learning in the Age of AI
Black and white photograph of Alan Turing as a young man in the 1930s, sitting in a wooden garden chair, legs crossed, wearing a suit and tie, smiling slightly.

Terminale · Voie générale et technologique · Voie professionnelle

Learning in the Age of AI

A learning journey that starts with Alan Turing

In 1950, he asked: “Can machines think?” Today, a machine can answer almost any question. So who does the thinking?

Alan Turing (1912 to 1954), British mathematician and Second World War codebreaker, often called the father of computer science and of artificial intelligence.

Alan Turing in the 1930s · Photo: author unknown, Wikimedia Commons, public domain

Message à transmettre à la classe

Alan Turing, l’homme qui a appris aux machines à penser

Pourquoi cet homme ?

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Alan Turing travaille en secret dans un manoir anglais, Bletchley Park. Avec son équipe, il parvient à déchiffrer les messages codés de l’armée allemande. Les historiens estiment que ce travail a raccourci la guerre et sauvé un grand nombre de vies.

Après la guerre, il imagine des machines capables de calculer, puis de raisonner. Sans lui, pas d’ordinateur, pas de téléphone, pas d’intelligence artificielle.

En 1952, il est condamné parce qu’il est homosexuel, ce qui est alors un délit au Royaume-Uni. Pour éviter la prison, il doit accepter une castration chimique. Il perd son autorisation de travailler sur les secrets d’État. Il est humilié, mis à l’écart.

En juin 1954, on le retrouve mort chez lui. Il a 41 ans. L’enquête conclut à un suicide.

Ce que ça dit de nous aujourd’hui

Chaque fois que vous parlez à une intelligence artificielle, vous utilisez une idée de Turing. En 1950, il se demandait déjà si une machine pourrait un jour se faire passer pour un humain dans une conversation.

Son histoire pose aussi une question plus dure : comment un pays peut-il punir l’homme qui l’a aidé à gagner la guerre ? Il a fallu attendre 2013 pour que la reine le gracie.

Ce que vous allez peut-être ressentir

De l’admiration, puis de la colère. Certains se demanderont comment on a pu en arriver là. C’est une bonne question, gardez-la.

Ce qui n’a pas bougé depuis

L’homme qui a ouvert la porte au monde moderne n’a pas trouvé de place dans ce monde. La stigmatisation et la honte qu’on lui a imposées peuvent détruire n’importe qui, même un génie, même un héros de guerre.

Aujourd’hui encore, des jeunes souffrent d’être rejetés pour ce qu’ils sont. Parler de Turing, c’est aussi leur dire qu’ils ne sont pas seuls.

Note aux collègues : ce thème peut faire écho à des situations personnelles. Pensez à signaler à vos élèves qu’ils peuvent en parler à l’infirmière ou au CPE, ou appeler le 3114.

Madame Carole Paoli Pompougnac

Today, many people are afraid of artificial intelligence. Yet it was human beings, not machines, who drove Alan Turing to his death.

Aujourd’hui, tout le monde a peur de l’intelligence artificielle. Pourtant, ce sont bien des hommes, et non des machines, qui ont conduit Alan Turing à la mort.

Introduction

What is at stake in this learning journey

Artificial intelligence is already in your pocket. In a few seconds, a chatbot can write an essay, translate a text, solve a maths problem or invent a story. Schools in the English-speaking world have had to react quickly: some banned these tools, others decided to teach students how to use them. Nobody can ignore the question any more.

But a machine that gives the right answer does not necessarily understand it, and a student who copies the right answer has not learnt anything. AI can also make mistakes, invent facts and repeat the prejudices hidden in the data it learnt from. So the real question is not “Should we use AI?” but “How do we stay in control of our own thinking?”

On this learning journey, you will discover where AI comes from, how schools in the United States and international organisations are dealing with it, why machines can be biased, and what a quiet, moving film, After Yang, says about learning from a machine. You will study real cases, from a Japanese novelist who won a top prize with the help of ChatGPT to a writer wrongly or rightly accused of using it, and you will read the news like a journalist. You will also train your ear and your voice with demanding pronunciation work, debate like a school board, and finally write and present your own class charter on AI. That is what being an informed citizen means today.

Why a learning journey?

Some words lock learning in place: one step after another, behind closed doors. A journey opens the road. You set off with your suitcase, you meet places, voices and ideas you did not expect, and you come back richer, with memories and knowledge that are truly yours. Nobody wants to travel to a dull destination: this one has been chosen to be worth the trip.

Pourquoi un learning journey ?

Le mot « séquence » enferme : une étape après l’autre, portes closes. Un voyage, lui, ouvre la route. Les élèves partent avec leur valise, rencontrent des lieux, des voix et des idées inattendus, et reviennent enrichis de souvenirs et de savoirs qui leur appartiennent. On ne donne à personne l’envie de partir en promettant une destination terne : la destination doit valoir le voyage.

A machine can answer almost any question. So who does the thinking?

How every session works

1 · Bell-ringerAs soon as you come in, read the screen and start working on your own. You have five minutes. Your work will be used later in the lesson.
2 · Say it rightIn every session, you train your pronunciation with recordings: word stress, weak forms, linking, intonation, difficult sounds and tongue-twisters.
3 · Three levelsEvery main task has three levels: B1, B1+ and B2. Choose your level, then try the next one. Models and recordings help you at every step.

The eight sessions

  1. 1 · Can machines think? → Alan Turing and the birth of AI
  2. 2 · AI goes to school → ban, embrace or regulate?
  3. 3 · Bias and deepfakes → when machines get it wrong
  4. 4 · After Yang → a film about learning from a machine
  5. 5 · Pronunciation lab → sound like a speaker, not a reader
  6. 6 · Read the news → how the press tells an AI story
  7. 7 · The debate → a school board meeting
  8. 8 · Final task → our class AI charter, written and presented

L’intérêt de cette séquence dans les programmes

La séquence répond à un objet d’étude nommé explicitement par le nouveau programme d’anglais du cycle terminal : « Nouvelles modalités d’apprentissage à l’heure de l’intelligence artificielle dans le monde éducatif anglophone ». Elle fait travailler les cinq activités langagières et la médiation, l’esprit critique face aux outils numériques et une prononciation exigeante. Les mêmes tâches valent pour la voie générale et technologique et pour la voie professionnelle ; seules les longueurs attendues varient.

Fil conducteur : élever le niveau sans effrayer les élèves. Un contenu exigeant, qui doit impressionner, rendu accessible par des étapes claires, des modèles, des enregistrements et trois niveaux d’exigence (B1, B1+, B2). Pas une minute sans objectif : chaque séance commence par une tâche d’entrée en cours et chaque minute est prévue dans le minutage proposé au professeur.

Activité langagière (CECRL) et compétenceOù dans la séquence
Compréhension de l’oralEnregistrements des séances 1 à 4, 6 et 7, titres de presse lus (séance 6), bande-annonce d’After Yang (séance 4), reconnaissance des accents britannique et américain (séance 2)
Compréhension de l’écritTextes sur Turing, sur les politiques scolaires face à l’IA et sur les biais (séances 1 à 3), études de cas Rie Kudan et Thélyson Orélien (séances 2 et 3), article de presse de CNN analysé en détail et comparé à The Japan Times (séance 6)
Expression écriteTâches à trois niveaux à chaque séance, brève de presse de 80 à 150 mots (séance 6), charte de classe de 100 à 200 mots (séance 8)
Expression orale en continuPrises de parole guidées, lecture expressive de titres de presse (séance 6), présentation de 4 à 5 minutes (séance 8)
Interaction oraleDébat en conseil d’établissement (séance 7), échange de 5 minutes après la présentation (séance 8)
MédiationExpliquer en anglais simple à un ami le revirement de New York (séance 2) ; réécrire un titre de presse en anglais courant et inversement (séance 6)
Phonologie et prosodieUn atelier « Say it right » à chaque séance, un laboratoire complet (séance 5), formes faibles du conditionnel (séance 7)
GrammaireLe conditionnel complet (modaux, conditionnels 1, 2 et 3, erreurs fréquentes, exercices à trois niveaux) en séance 7, réemployé dans le débat et dans la charte (séance 8)
Esprit critique et citoyennetéBiais, désinformation, hypertrucages, présomption d’innocence face aux détecteurs d’IA, fait et opinion, vérification des sources (séances 3, 6, 7 et 8)

Ancrage dans les programmes et le référentiel

Voie générale et technologique · Terminale

Programme d’anglais du cycle terminal (BO n° 22 du 29 mai 2025, annexe « Programme d’anglais pour les classes de lycée général et technologique »).

Axe 5 « Citoyenneté et mondes virtuels » : « À l’heure des mondes virtuels, quels sont les enjeux démocratiques dans les aires anglophones ? » Objet d’étude : « Nouvelles modalités d’apprentissage à l’heure de l’intelligence artificielle dans le monde éducatif anglophone ».

Lexique « Intelligence artificielle » proposé par le programme. B1 : dangerous, profiling, near future, man versus machine, data, deep learning, guardrails, prompt, analytics, predictive. B2 : harmful, harmless, facial recognition, to hand over, deep fake, conversational bots, generative writing, flaws, loopholes, ethics, to outpace, prescriptive.

Préambule, « Les usages numériques » : « Le développement rapide des intelligences artificielles (IA) multiplie par ailleurs les possibilités de recherche, de création, de rédaction et de traduction, voire d’interaction avec un agent conversationnel. » et « Afin de se prémunir contre les biais culturels et la désinformation, l’élève est amené en cours de langue à développer son esprit critique dans l’usage des outils à sa disposition. »

Phonologie : le programme définit la prosodie comme « incluant l’intonation, l’accent de mot, l’accent de phrase, le rythme et le débit » ; en terminale, il vise les schémas intonatifs, l’accentuation du mot selon sa composition et, au niveau B2, selon sa nature (nom ou verbe : record/record).

Liens possibles : axe 3 « Fictions et réalités » (objet « Quand la science-fiction nourrit l’innovation scientifique » : After Yang) ; axe 4 « Enjeux et formes de la communication » (objet « Chacun sa vérité ? Le défi du complotisme » : désinformation, algorithmes ; c’est l’ancrage de la séance 6 sur la presse). Lexique « Journalisme » du programme, B1 : to broadcast, partial/impartial, to deceive, high-quality press, (in)accurate, to report, reporter, tabloids, headlines, (a piece of) information/news ; B2 : reliable, trustworthy, unreliable, to mislead, to spread the word, gutter press, to hit the headlines, a flow of information, media literacy.

Voie professionnelle · Terminale bac pro

Programme de langues vivantes des classes préparant au baccalauréat professionnel (arrêté du 3 avril 2019, BO spécial n° 5 du 11 avril 2019). Du niveau B1 aux niveaux B1+/B2, l’élève s’entraîne notamment à :

  • « s’exprimer à l’écrit et à l’oral au sujet d’une problématique sociétale, éthique ou environnementale » ;
  • « participer à un débat, à une table ronde, défendre et justifier sa position, réfuter celle de son interlocuteur, chercher à convaincre » ;
  • « mettre en évidence ou mettre en valeur les spécificités, qualités, défauts, avantages, inconvénients, etc. d’un produit, d’un système, d’une solution » ;
  • « rechercher et comprendre des informations relatives à des formations en ligne/à distance » ;
  • « comprendre, analyser et rendre compte d’articles de presse, de documentaires, d’affiches, de spots publicitaires, de campagnes d’information » (séance 6).

Thèmes d’étude : « école, vie scolaire » et « caractéristiques et spécificités du système scolaire dans le(s) pays de la langue étudiée ». Le programme demande aussi aux professeurs de « prendre toute leur part dans la lutte contre la manipulation de l’information » et rappelle que « l’entraînement à la prise de parole demande un travail spécifique et régulier en vue de l’amélioration de la prononciation ».

Épreuve (arrêté du 17 juin 2020, annexe V, BO n° 30 du 23 juillet 2020) : la séance 8 entraîne à la situation B, 10 minutes, avec une expression orale en continu de 5 minutes maximum puis une interaction de 5 minutes maximum ; la prise de parole « ne peut pas consister en la lecture d’un texte préalablement rédigé in extenso ».

Lien avec l’économie-gestion : module 4 « Les mutations de la relation de travail », question « En quoi la relation de travail est-elle modifiée par le développement du numérique ? » (le programme cite l’intelligence artificielle).

Mêmes tâches pour les deux voies. Seules les longueurs attendues changent selon le niveau :

NiveauPour quiÉcrit (séance 8)Oral (séance 8)
B1 LVB voie générale · LVB bac pro (niveau visé)100 à 120 mots4 min, carte de mots-clés
B1+ LVA bac pro (niveau attendu à l’examen)120 à 150 mots4 à 5 min, quelques mots-clés
B2 LVA voie générale · LVA bac pro (niveau visé en fin d’études)180 à 200 mots5 min, sans notes rédigées

Sources : programme d’anglais du cycle terminal (BO n° 22 du 29 mai 2025) ; programme de langues vivantes de la voie professionnelle (BO spécial n° 5 du 11 avril 2019) ; définition de l’épreuve de langue vivante du baccalauréat professionnel (BO n° 30 du 23 juillet 2020) ; programme d’économie-gestion de la voie professionnelle.

Why this learning journey fits the programme

The official programme for Terminale asks you to study “new ways of learning in the age of artificial intelligence in the English-speaking world of education”. In the vocational programme, you train to understand and analyse press articles, to discuss an ethical issue, to debate and defend your position, and to present the advantages and disadvantages of a system. In both cases, you are expected to think critically about the digital tools you use and to speak clearly and confidently.

About the voices

All the recordings on this site were made with natural-sounding computer voices (British and American English), prepared in advance. Listen as many times as you need: every sentence also has a slow version.

What you need

Your notebook, a pen and headphones if you work on a computer or a phone. No account, no app to install.

Mode d’emploi. Huit onglets, soit un socle de onze heures de 55 minutes : une heure par onglet, deux heures pour « Read the news » (séance 6), deux pour la séance 7 (le conditionnel, puis le débat) et deux pour la tâche finale (séance 8), puis les séances de présentation (10 minutes par groupe). Deux études de cas peuvent ajouter chacune une heure, minutée elle aussi : Rie Kudan (séance 2) et l’affaire Thélyson Orélien avec les détecteurs d’IA (séance 3). Les encadrés « Real life » des autres onglets se lisent en quelques minutes ou à la maison. Chaque séance s’ouvre sur une tâche d’entrée en cours (bell-ringer) de cinq minutes, puis suit le minutage indiqué dans l’encadré professeur. Les réponses s’affichent avec le bouton Answers ; l’aide en français avec + Français.

Astuce pratique. Le bell-ringer est visible à l’écran avant l’entrée des élèves : ouvrez la séance, cliquez sur Project full screen avant la sonnerie. Les élèves se mettent au travail en entrant, et vous faites l’appel pendant qu’ils travaillent.

Les principes qui fondent cette séquence sont réunis dans la Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

Copy and complete in your notebook. Work alone, in silence.

  1. A machine can … better than me. (three sentences)
  2. A machine will never … (two sentences)

Ideas: calculate · translate · remember · recognise faces · drive · feel · love · choose · be creative · make a joke · tell the truth

Entrée en cours. Le cadre est affiché avant l’arrivée des élèves (bouton Project full screen). Ils écrivent dès qu’ils entrent ; vous faites l’appel pendant ce temps. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 10) : trois élèves lisent une phrase de chaque colonne, vous notez au tableau les verbes qui reviennent dans « will never » (souvent feel, think, love). Vous écrivez alors la question de Turing : Can machines think?

Session 1 · Axis 5 · Citizenship and virtual worlds

Can machines think?

Black and white photograph of Alan Turing as a teenager, in a school jacket and tie.
Alan Turing at the age of 16 · Wikimedia Commons, public domain

Who was Alan Turing?

Alan Turing (1912 to 1954) was a British mathematician. During the Second World War, he helped break the codes of German messages at Bletchley Park. He is often called the father of computer science.

In 1950, he asked a question that still divides scientists today: can machines think?

Since 2021, his portrait has been on the Bank of England’s £50 note.

Listen

From Turing’s question to ChatGPT

Computer voice: Emma (British English).

Transcript (only after the two listenings)

In 1950, the British mathematician Alan Turing published an article that began with a simple question: Can machines think? Turing did not try to define thinking. Instead, he imagined a game. A person asks questions in writing to two hidden players, a human and a machine. If the person cannot tell which one is the machine, then, Turing argued, we should accept that the machine is, in a way, intelligent. Today, this is known as the Turing test. Six years later, in 1956, a group of researchers met at Dartmouth College, in the United States, for a summer workshop on a new field. They called it artificial intelligence. For decades, progress was slow. Then, in November 2022, a chatbot called ChatGPT was released to the public. Within a few months, it had more than a hundred million users. Turing’s question was suddenly back in every classroom.

First listening: the big picture

1. The recording is mainly about
2. In Turing’s game, the person asks questions
3. The machine “wins” if the person
Answers: 1. the history of AI, from a question to a chatbot · 2. in writing · 3. cannot tell which player is the machine

Second listening: the details

1. Turing published his article in .
2. The researchers met at College in .
3. ChatGPT was released in 2022.
4. Within a few months, it had more than users.
Answers: 1. 1950 · 2. Dartmouth, 1956 · 3. November · 4. a hundred million (100 million)

Milestones

1950 → Alan Turing asks “Can machines think?” and imagines the imitation game, now called the Turing test.

1956 → At Dartmouth College (USA), researchers hold a summer workshop on “artificial intelligence”.

1997 → IBM’s computer Deep Blue beats the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.

2016 → Google DeepMind’s AlphaGo beats Lee Sedol, one of the best players of the game of Go.

2022 → OpenAI releases ChatGPT to the public on 30 November.

2025 → In a study at the University of California San Diego, people chatted for five minutes with a human and a machine at the same time. When the chatbot GPT-4.5 was told to play a shy young person, it was chosen as “the human” 73% of the time: more often than the real humans.

Photograph of Bletchley Park mansion, a large Victorian red-brick house with a green copper dome, under a blue sky, with visitors walking in front.
Bletchley Park (England), where Alan Turing and thousands of codebreakers worked during the Second World War · Photo DeFacto, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Real life

Can a machine fool the experts? Two real cases

The photo that was not a photo (April 2023). The German artist Boris Eldagsen won the creative category of the Sony World Photography Awards, one of the most prestigious prizes in photography, with a black and white image of two women. A few days later, he revealed that the image had been created with an AI generator, DALL-E 2, and refused the prize: “AI is not photography,” he wrote. He said he wanted to test the competition and start a debate.

Sources: BBC News, 18 April 2023 · The Guardian, 17 April 2023

The machine that seemed more human than humans (2025). Cognitive scientists Cameron Jones and Benjamin Bergen organised Turing’s imitation game with real people. Each judge chatted for five minutes with a human and with a machine, then chose “the human”. GPT-4.5, told to adopt a humanlike personality, was chosen 73% of the time. An old program from the 1960s, ELIZA, was chosen only 23% of the time.

Sources: C. R. Jones and B. K. Bergen, “Large Language Models Pass the Turing Test”, March 2025, later published in PNAS

Your opinion in one sentence: If a machine wins the imitation game, does it think, or does it only imitate thinking? I believe that… because…

Words from the official programme

Match each word with its definition.

1. a prompt
2. data
3. guardrails
4. predictive
5. deep learning
6. profiling
Say it right

Word stress: the suffix moves the stress

In English, syllables do not all have the same weight: one syllable is strong, the others are weak. And with some suffixes, the stress moves. Rule: with -ic, -ical, -ion and -ity, the stress falls on the syllable just before the suffix.

Base wordStress moves with the suffix

Each word is said once. Listen, then repeat it three times, louder on the red syllable.

Your turn: find the strong syllable

Apply the rule without listening. Then check with the buttons above.

1. technological →
2. analytical →
3. algorithmic →
4. artificial →
5. electricity →
6. information →
Answers: 1. technoLOgical · 2. anaLYtical · 3. algoRITHmic · 4. artiFIcial · 5. elecTRIcity (just before -ity) · 6. inforMAtion (just before -tion)
Shadowing

Two sentences to master

Artificial intelligence is a technological revolution.
I propose to consider the question: can machines think? (Alan Turing, 1950)

Shadowing means speaking at the same time as the voice, like a shadow. Step 1: listen to the slow version. Step 2: speak with the slow version. Step 3: speak with the normal version, without reading.

Speak or write: can machines think?

Level B1Explain the Turing test in three sentences. Use: a person asks… / if the person cannot tell… / then…
Level B1+Explain the Turing test, then say if you think today’s chatbots would pass it, with one reason.
Level B2“If a machine gives the right answer, it understands the question.” Do you agree? Give one argument for, one against, and conclude. Use whereas and however.
Model (B1+)

In the Turing test, a person asks questions in writing to a human and a machine. If the person cannot tell which one is the machine, the machine passes the test. In my opinion, some chatbots would pass it, because their answers sound very human. However, they sometimes make strange mistakes that a human would never make.

A calculator gives the right answer to 345 × 12. Does it understand multiplication? And a chatbot that writes a beautiful poem about love: does it know what love is?

Alan Turing, mathématicien britannique, a posé en 1950 la question « Les machines peuvent-elles penser ? ». Son test : si un humain ne parvient pas à distinguer, à l’écrit, une machine d’un autre humain, on peut dire que la machine est « intelligente ». Retiens la règle d’accentuation : avec -ic, -ical, -ion, -ity, l’accent tombe sur la syllabe juste avant le suffixe.

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant que les élèves écrivent.
5 → 10Réutilisation : lecture de phrases, verbes de « will never » au tableau, question de Turing.
10 → 20Portrait de Turing (2 min), deux écoutes avec les deux quiz, puis transcription.
20 → 26Frise et mots du programme (appariement en binômes, correction rapide). Photo de Bletchley Park en 30 secondes.
26 → 38Say it right : règle, écoute, répétition chorale puis individuelle, quiz « find the strong syllable », shadowing.
38 → 50Production à trois niveaux : chacun choisit son niveau ; les plus rapides passent au niveau suivant. Lecture de deux productions.
50 → 55Ticket de sortie : une phrase « Today I learnt that… » avec un mot accentué souligné.
ProlongementEncadré « Real life » (Eldagsen, test de Turing de 2025) : lecture à la maison, ou 10 minutes en début de séance 2 à la place de la réutilisation du bell-ringer, avec la phrase d’opinion à l’oral.

Prononciation : faire répéter d’abord en chœur (personne n’est exposé), puis par rangée, puis individuellement. Corriger chaque erreur d’accent sans interrompre la prise de parole : reprise juste après, par le professeur, du mot correct.

Sources : A. M. Turing, « Computing Machinery and Intelligence », Mind, 1950 ; Bank of England (billet de 50 livres, juin 2021) ; OpenAI (lancement de ChatGPT, 30 novembre 2022) ; BBC News et The Guardian (affaire Boris Eldagsen, 17 et 18 avril 2023) ; C. R. Jones et B. K. Bergen, prépublication arXiv de mars 2025 puis PNAS (73 % pour GPT-4.5 avec consigne de personnage, 23 % pour ELIZA). Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

Copy the question and answer it in your notebook. Work alone.

Would you ban AI at school?

  1. Write YES or NO.
  2. Give one reason in 15 words maximum. Start with: I would ban it because… or I wouldn’t ban it because…
  3. Underline the most important word of your sentence.

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 8) : vote à main levée, deux raisons par camp au tableau. Les mêmes élèves revotent en fin de séance (minute 52) : « Did you change your mind? Why? »

Session 2 · New ways of learning in the age of AI

AI goes to school

Listen

New York, UNESCO and two students

Computer voices: Heart (American English, news report), Michael (American English, Jordan) and Emma (British English, Chloe).

Transcript (only after the two listenings)

Report: In January 2023, New York City, the largest school system in the United States, blocked ChatGPT on school computers and networks. Officials said the tool could give quick and easy answers, but that it did not build critical thinking. A few months later, in May 2023, the city changed its mind. The schools chancellor wrote that the first reaction had come from knee-jerk fear, and that students would live and work in a world where understanding AI was crucial. That same year, in September, UNESCO published the first global guidance on generative AI in education. It asked governments to protect students’ data, to train teachers, and to set a minimum age for the use of AI tools in the classroom.

Jordan: Honestly, I use it for everything. It explains math better than my textbook.

Chloe: But do you actually learn anything, or do you just copy what it says?

Jordan: I check it. Well, most of the time.

Chloe: That’s the problem. If you can’t do it without the machine, it isn’t really your knowledge, is it?

Listen and choose

1. In January 2023, New York City
2. In May 2023, the city
3. UNESCO asks governments to
4. Which student has a British accent?
5. Which clue helps?
Answers: 1. blocked ChatGPT on school computers · 2. changed its mind · 3. protect students’ data · 4. Chloe · 5. The long /ɑː/ in can’t is the clue you can hear. (Jordan says math, an American word, but Chloe never says maths in the recording.)
Read

Ban, embrace or regulate? Three answers to one question

Ban. When ChatGPT appeared at the end of 2022, many teachers panicked. In January 2023, New York City Public Schools, the largest school system in the United States, restricted access to it on school devices and networks. Officials feared that students would stop thinking for themselves: the tool “does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills”, a spokesperson explained.

Embrace. Four months later, the schools chancellor, David C. Banks, admitted that the ban had been driven by “knee-jerk fear”. Students, he wrote, would live and work in a world where understanding generative AI was crucial. The city promised resources to help teachers use AI in class.

Regulate. In September 2023, UNESCO published the first global guidance on generative AI in education. It did not ask for a ban. Instead, it asked governments to protect students’ data and privacy, to train teachers, to check that tools are safe and useful for learning, and to consider a minimum age for using them in the classroom.

Sources: Chalkbeat New York, 3 January and 18 May 2023; UNESCO, Guidance for generative AI in education and research, 7 September 2023.

True or false? Justify with the text.

1. New York banned ChatGPT on students’ personal phones.
2. The chancellor later criticised the first reaction.
3. UNESCO asked all countries to ban AI in schools.
4. UNESCO wants teachers to be trained.
1. False: “on school devices and networks”. · 2. True: “driven by knee-jerk fear”. · 3. False: “It did not ask for a ban.” · 4. True: “to train teachers”.
Say it right

Weak forms: the small words almost disappear

In natural English, small grammar words (to, for, of, and, can, was, at, a, the) are not stressed: their vowel becomes a short, relaxed sound, /ə/ (schwa). to → /tə/, for → /fə/, of → /əv/, can → /kən/, was → /wəz/. This is why native speakers seem to speak fast: they do not, they simply do not stress the small words.

But at the end of a sentence, or when it is stressed, the small word keeps its strong form: Yes, it was. /wɒz/ · What are you looking at? /æt/

They wanted to ban it. /tə/
Can you check it for me? /kən/ … /fə/
It’s one of the best tools for learning. /əv/ … /fə/
Was it a mistake? Yes, it was. /wəz/ … /wɒz/
What are you looking at? /ə/ … /æt/
Students and teachers can use it, but not for tests. /ən/ … /kən/ … /fə/

Dictation of the invisible words

Hide the sentences above. Listen to each recording (normal speed) and write the missing small words.

It’s one the best tools learning.
Students teachers use it, but not tests.
They wanted ban it.
Mediation

Explain it in simple English

A friend has heard that “New York banned AI in schools”. In four simple sentences in English, explain what really happened in January and in May 2023, and what UNESCO recommends.

Sentence starters: In fact, in January 2023… · Then, in May 2023… · UNESCO says that… · So it was not…

In January 2023, New York public schools blocked ChatGPT on their computers and networks, not on students’ own phones. In May 2023, the head of the city’s schools said it was a reaction based on fear, and he chose to teach students how to use it. In September 2023, UNESCO published guidance: protect students’ data, train teachers and set a minimum age of 13. So it was not a total ban: it was a set of rules.

Write: ban, embrace or regulate?

Level B1Write four sentences: In January 2023, New York… · In May 2023, the city… · UNESCO asks… · I think…
Level B1+80 to 100 words: compare the ban and the “embrace” policy. Which one would be better for your school? Use whereas and that is why.
Level B2150 words: “Ban, embrace or regulate: which policy is best for a lycée?” Include a concession (Although…, Even though…) and an example from the text.
Model (B1)

In January 2023, New York blocked ChatGPT on school computers. In May 2023, the city changed its mind. UNESCO asks governments to protect students’ data and to train teachers. I think AI should be allowed in class, but not during tests.

Case study: a prize-winning novel written with ChatGPT

Photograph of the Tokyo skyline at sunset: lit skyscrapers under an orange sky, with Mount Fuji in the background.
Tokyo at sunset, with Mount Fuji in the background · Photo Ville Miettinen, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
Listen and read

Rie Kudan and the Akutagawa Prize (Japan, January 2024)

Computer voices: Emma and George (British English).

On 17 January 2024, the Japanese writer Rie Kudan, aged 33, won the Akutagawa Prize, Japan’s most famous award for promising new writers of fiction. Members of the prize committee described her novel, Sympathy Tower Tokyo, as “practically flawless”. The story follows an architect who is asked to design a comfortable high-rise prison in Tokyo, and artificial intelligence is one of its themes.

Then came the surprise. In her acceptance speech, the author explained that she had used generative AI such as ChatGPT, and that probably about 5% of the text came directly from it. Some readers noted that, in the book, certain passages are clearly presented as answers given by an AI. A writer on the prize committee said that the jury did not see her use of AI as a problem.

On social media, reactions were divided. Some readers found her approach creative and wanted to read the book. Others called it unfair, or “disrespectful” to authors who write without AI. One user asked a sharp question: if AI is banned in chess and go competitions, why should it be allowed in a literary prize?

Sources: CNN, 19 January 2024 · The Japan Times, 19 January 2024. Her name is written “Rie Kudan” by CNN and “Rie Qudan” by The Japan Times. In session 6, you will compare how these two newspapers told the story.

Check your understanding

1. The Akutagawa Prize rewards
2. The committee said the novel was
3. According to the author, the share of the text that came directly from AI is about
4. The novel is about
5. Why did some people compare the novel to chess and go?
Answers: 1. promising new writers of fiction · 2. practically flawless · 3. 5% · 4. an architect who designs a comfortable prison · 5. Because AI is banned in those competitions: if a machine cannot help a chess player, why could it help a novelist?
Grammar

Imagine another story: conditionals

Unreal present: If + preterite, would + verb → If AI wrote the whole book, the prize would mean nothing.
Unreal past (B2): If + past perfect, would have + past participle → If she had hidden it, nobody would have known.

1. If AI (write) the whole novel, I would refuse to read it.
2. If I were on the committee, I (ask) her to show her prompts.
3. If she had not mentioned ChatGPT, nobody (notice).
4. If the jury (know) before, would they have chosen another book?
1. wrote · 2. would ask · 3. would have noticed · 4. had known

Full rules, common mistakes, recordings and exercises at three levels: Grammar focus: the conditional (tab 7) →

Level B1Three sentences: Rie Kudan won… · She used ChatGPT for… · I think it is fair / unfair because…
Level B1+80 words: should a novelist say that she used AI? Use one conditional sentence.
Level B2130 words: “Where is the line between help and cheating?” Compare the novelist, a student’s homework and a chess player. Use one unreal past conditional.

Chloe says: “If you can’t do it without the machine, it isn’t really your knowledge.” Is that true for a calculator? For a dictionary? For a chatbot?

New York a d’abord bloqué ChatGPT (janvier 2023), puis a changé d’avis (mai 2023). En janvier 2024, la romancière japonaise Rie Kudan a reçu le prix Akutagawa, le grand prix littéraire japonais pour les jeunes auteurs, et a reconnu qu’environ 5 % de son roman venaient directement de ChatGPT. L’UNESCO recommande d’encadrer, pas d’interdire : protection des données, formation des enseignants, âge minimum. En prononciation, les petits mots grammaticaux (to, for, of, can, was) se prononcent avec une voyelle très faible, le « schwa » /ə/, sauf en fin de phrase.

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 8Réutilisation : vote, deux raisons par camp au tableau.
8 → 18Deux écoutes, quiz, repérage des accents (question 5 : faire réécouter la dernière réplique de Chloe).
18 → 26Lecture en binômes « Ban, embrace or regulate? », vrai ou faux justifié.
26 → 37Say it right : formes faibles, répétition, dictée des mots invisibles.
37 → 42Médiation orale en anglais simple (deux élèves), correction.
42 → 52Écriture à trois niveaux.
52 → 55Nouveau vote : qui a changé d’avis, et pourquoi ?

Étude de cas Rie Kudan : séance complémentaire de 55 minutes (ou travail à la maison suivi de 20 minutes en classe).

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer projeté pendant l’appel : « A novel partly written by ChatGPT wins a top prize. Fair or unfair? One sentence. »
5 → 8Réutilisation : trois phrases lues, vote à main levée.
8 → 20Photo de Tokyo (30 secondes), deux écoutes sans texte, puis lecture et quiz.
20 → 30Grammaire : les deux conditionnels, exercice, correction.
30 → 40Débat express en binômes : « Where is the line between help and cheating? » (chaque binôme doit employer un conditionnel).
40 → 52Écriture à trois niveaux.
52 → 55Nouveau vote : qui a changé d’avis ?

Faits vérifiés : prix Akutagawa remis le 17 janvier 2024 à Rie Kudan (graphie de CNN ; The Japan Times écrit Qudan), 33 ans, pour Tokyo-to Dojo-to (Sympathy Tower Tokyo) ; le comité l’a jugé « practically flawless » ; l’autrice a dit qu’environ 5 % du texte venaient directement de l’IA générative ; un membre du comité, l’écrivain Keiichiro Hirano, a écrit sur X que le jury n’y voyait pas de problème. Sources : CNN et The Japan Times, 19 janvier 2024.

Sources vérifiées : Chalkbeat New York (3 janvier 2023, décision de restreindre l’accès ; 18 mai 2023, tribune du chancelier David C. Banks) ; UNESCO, communiqué du 7 septembre 2023 sur le Guidance for generative AI in education and research. Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

Real or fake? Copy the four statements and write R (real) or F (fake) next to each one.

  1. A chatbot can invent a book that does not exist.
  2. AI systems are always neutral because they are machines.
  3. AI can copy a person’s voice.
  4. In 2018, a study showed that some face-analysis systems made many more mistakes with darker-skinned women.

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant ce temps. Réutilisation : on ne corrige pas tout de suite. Les élèves vérifient eux-mêmes leurs réponses pendant l’écoute (minutes 10 à 18). Réponses : 1 R · 2 F · 3 R · 4 R.

Session 3 · Critical thinking

Bias and deepfakes: when machines get it wrong

Listen

A machine is only as fair as its data

Computer voice: George (British English).

Transcript (only after the two listenings)

In 2018, two researchers, Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru, tested three facial analysis systems sold by major technology companies. The systems had to guess whether a face was male or female. For lighter-skinned men, the error rate was never higher than 0.8 per cent. For darker-skinned women, it rose to 34.7 per cent. Why? Because the systems had learnt from data that contained mostly lighter-skinned faces. A machine is only as fair as the data it learns from. Today, the same question applies to the chatbots that students use every day. They can invent facts, quote books that do not exist, or repeat the stereotypes hidden in their training data. And with deepfakes, fake images, voices and videos created by AI, seeing is no longer believing.

0.8%maximum error rate for lighter-skinned men
34.7%error rate for darker-skinned women (worst system)
3commercial systems tested in the Gender Shades study (2018)
Photograph of the researcher Joy Buolamwini speaking at a conference, in front of a dark background.
Joy Buolamwini, co-author of Gender Shades, at Wikimania 2018 in Cape Town · Photo Niccolò Caranti, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Real life

Two real deepfakes, two victims

A fake boss on a video call (Hong Kong, January 2024). An employee of the British engineering company Arup joined a video conference with the company’s finance director and several colleagues. All of them were deepfakes. Convinced, the employee made 15 transfers: 200 million Hong Kong dollars, about 25 million US dollars.

A fake voice at school (Maryland, USA, January 2024). A recording in which the principal of Pikesville High School seemed to make racist and antisemitic remarks spread online. He was suspended. Experts consulted by the police found that the voice had been generated with AI; the school’s former athletic director was sentenced to four months in jail in April 2025. The principal was the victim.

Sources: CNN, 16 May 2024 · AP, April 2025

Listen and complete

1. The systems had to guess if a face was .
2. They made more mistakes because they had learnt from data with mostly faces.
3. A machine is only as as the data it learns from.
4. Chatbots can invent and quote books that do not .
5. With deepfakes, seeing is no longer .

B2 words from the programme

1. Something that causes damage is
2. A weakness or a mistake in a system is
3. A gap in the rules that people use to avoid them is
4. Unfairly in favour of one group is
5. Something that cannot hurt anyone is
Method

Four steps to check an AI answer

1 · StopDoes the answer sound too perfect, too sure, too shocking? Be suspicious.
2 · SourceAsk: where does this come from? A chatbot often cannot tell you.
3 · SearchCheck in at least one reliable source: an encyclopaedia, a newspaper, an official website.
4 · Say itIf it is wrong, say so: correct it in your work and explain the mistake.
Say it right

Minimal pairs: one sound changes everything

A chip is in your computer; something cheap costs little money. If you mix up /ɪ/ (short, relaxed) and /iː/ (long, smiling), you change the word. The same happens with /s/ and /θ/ (tongue between the teeth), at the beginning of a word (sink, think) or at the end (mouse, mouth).

Short /ɪ/Long /iː//s//θ/
If the chip is cheap, it’s a cheap chip.
I think the ship will sink.

Which word do you hear?

Each recording says “The word is…”. Choose the word.

A.
B.
C.
D.
Say it right

The -ate trap

The ending -ate is pronounced /eɪt/ in most verbs (to generate, to automate) but /ət/ in most adjectives (accurate, private).

The data is accurate, so we can generate a private report.

Case study: can a machine detect a machine?

Real life · France and Canada · September 2026

The Thélyson Orélien affair

Computer voices: George and Emma (British English). Summary of the case.

Thélyson Orélien, 38, is a Haitian-Canadian writer born in Haiti who lives in Quebec. His novel C’était ça ou mourir (“It was that or die”), published in Montreal in the spring of 2026 and then in France, became one of the best-selling novels of the autumn and won the Fnac novel prize.

On 21 September 2026, an anonymous account on X, which had only 92 followers, claimed that the novel had been written “almost entirely” by AI. The claim was based on the score of a detector called Pangram. The post was seen more than three million times. The author denies using AI: he says he started the novel in 2017 and finished his first draft in 2019, before tools like ChatGPT were available to the public. His French publisher spoke of a “campaign of hate”.

What do the detectors say? The AFP news agency tested the same extracts with eight tools, and the results were completely different; one tool said that the passages were “very probably written by a human”. Pangram, on the other hand, is considered reliable by several researchers, and the Montreal newspaper La Presse obtained a score of 94% “AI” for the whole novel. But no detector is 100% reliable: the French news site TF1 Info found that Pangram classified a famous poem by Victor Hugo as human, and then as written by AI when a single line was removed.

A second, different problem. On 23 September, La Presse and Radio-Canada revealed that several articles and a short story published under his name in 2012 and 2013 had been partly copied from other authors. That is plagiarism, not AI. Two days later, the Académie Goncourt removed the novel from its list for France’s most famous literary prize. It mentioned these plagiarisms and “converging analyses” suggesting a very large use of AI; one member of the jury admitted that they “were not all in agreement”. His Montreal publisher suspended his book tour “to ensure his well-being” and condemned the hateful messages he received.

Keep the two questions apart. The copying of old articles was documented by journalists, who compared the texts. The use of AI in the novel is an accusation, based on software scores, which the author denies. A detector gives a probability, not a proof.

Sources: RFI, 23 September 2026 · franceinfo with AFP, 24 September 2026 · La Presse, 23 September 2026 · Radio-Canada · TF1 Info · France Inter, 25 September 2026 · HuffPost, 26 September 2026 · Le Soleil, 24 September 2026

Read

Detectors at school: two facts every student should know

2023, Stanford University. Researchers gave essays written by students to seven AI detectors. Essays written by American eighth-grade students were almost all correctly classified as human. But on average, 61.3% of the essays written by non-native speakers for an English exam (the TOEFL) were wrongly labelled “AI-generated”. Simpler, less varied English looked like a machine to the machines.

July 2023, OpenAI. The company that created ChatGPT withdrew its own AI text detector “due to its low rate of accuracy”. In its tests, the tool had recognised only 26% of AI-written texts and wrongly accused 9% of human texts.

Sources: W. Liang, J. Zou et al., “GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers”, Patterns, July 2023 · OpenAI, January 2023, updated 20 July 2023

Fact, accusation or opinion?

1. An anonymous account claimed that the novel was written by AI.
2. “The novel was written by AI.”
3. The Académie Goncourt removed the novel from its list.
4. “Detectors should never be used at school.”
5. Eight detectors gave the same result.
1. a fact: it is true that the account said it, but what it said is not proven · 2. an accusation, not proven: the author denies it · 3. a fact · 4. an opinion: you can agree or disagree · 5. false: the results were completely different.

Imagine: your teacher puts your essay into a detector, and the score says “87% AI”. You wrote it yourself. What can you do to prove it? What should a fair school do before accusing a student?

Useful language: innocent until proven guilty · to accuse someone of… · to deny · evidence · a false positive · the burden of proof

Write: a warning for AI users

Level B1Write a warning label for a chatbot: three instructions. Always check… · Never share… · Don’t believe…
Level B1+Write the label, then explain each instruction with because or otherwise.
Level B2150 words: an open letter to a technology company. Use the passive (systems should be tested…) and modals (must, should, ought to). Mention the Gender Shades study.
Model (B1+)

Always check the answer in another source, because chatbots sometimes invent facts. Never share your name or your photos, otherwise your data could be used without your permission. Don’t believe every image or video you see online, because it could be a deepfake.

The researchers did not say that machines are racist. They said that the data was unbalanced. Who is responsible: the machine, the people who chose the data, or the companies that sold the systems?

En 2018, l’étude Gender Shades (Joy Buolamwini et Timnit Gebru) a montré que des logiciels d’analyse faciale se trompaient beaucoup plus souvent sur les femmes à la peau foncée (jusqu’à 34,7 % d’erreurs) que sur les hommes à la peau claire (0,8 % au maximum), parce qu’ils avaient appris sur des données déséquilibrées. Un « deepfake » (hypertrucage) est une image, une voix ou une vidéo truquée par l’IA : en 2024, une fausse visioconférence a coûté 25 millions de dollars à l’entreprise Arup, et une fausse voix a fait suspendre à tort un proviseur américain. L’affaire Thélyson Orélien (2026) montre l’inverse : un détecteur d’IA donne une probabilité, pas une preuve ; il faut distinguer le plagiat établi d’anciens articles et l’usage de l’IA dans le roman, que l’auteur conteste. En prononciation, ne confonds pas /ɪ/ court et /iː/ long : chip (puce) et cheap (bon marché).

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer « Real or fake? » affiché avant l’entrée, appel.
5 → 8Les élèves comparent leurs réponses en binômes, sans correction.
8 → 18Deux écoutes : chacun vérifie ses réponses du bell-ringer, puis texte à compléter.
18 → 24Chiffres clés et mots B2, correction collective.
24 → 28Méthode en quatre étapes, illustrée par une réponse fausse de chatbot préparée par le professeur.
28 → 40Say it right : paires minimales, quiz d’écoute, piège de -ate.
40 → 52Écriture à trois niveaux.
52 → 55Lecture de deux étiquettes d’avertissement ; elles serviront à la charte finale (séance 8).

Étude de cas Thélyson Orélien et détecteurs : séance complémentaire de 55 minutes.

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer projeté pendant l’appel : « A detector says your essay is 87% AI. You wrote it. What do you do? Two sentences. »
5 → 8Réutilisation : trois réponses lues, mots clés au tableau (evidence, to deny, false positive).
8 → 22Écoute du résumé (deux fois), puis lecture de l’étude de cas en binômes : une colonne « documented », une colonne « claimed ».
22 → 30Lecture « Detectors at school », quiz « Fact, accusation or opinion? ».
30 → 45Jeu de rôle en trois : l’élève accusé, le professeur, le proviseur adjoint qui décide. Consigne : utiliser trois expressions de l’encadré.
45 → 52Écrit : trois règles pour une école juste face aux détecteurs (elles nourriront la charte finale).
52 → 55Lecture de deux règles, retour sur la différence entre accusation et preuve.

Note de prudence (affaire Orélien). Affaire en cours au 7 octobre 2026. Ne présenter comme établis que les faits rapportés par plusieurs médias : l’accusation lancée le 21 septembre 2026 par un compte anonyme sur la base du détecteur Pangram ; le démenti de l’auteur (premier jet achevé en 2019) ; les résultats divergents des huit détecteurs testés par l’AFP ; le score de 94 % obtenu par La Presse ; les plagiats d’articles et d’une nouvelle des années 2012-2013 révélés par La Presse et Radio-Canada le 23 septembre ; le retrait de la sélection Goncourt le 25 septembre ; la suspension de la tournée par Le Boréal. L’usage de l’IA dans le roman n’est pas prouvé : on parle d’accusation, d’allégation, de soupçon. Éviter tout commentaire sur la personne ; l’auteur a été la cible de messages haineux. Vérifier l’actualité avant la séance.

Sources des cas d’hypertrucage : CNN, 16 mai 2024 (Arup : 15 virements, 200 millions de dollars de Hong Kong, environ 25 millions de dollars américains) ; AP, avril 2025 (Pikesville : peine de quatre mois d’emprisonnement, plaidoyer d’Alford pour perturbation de la vie d’un établissement scolaire). Détecteurs : W. Liang et al., Patterns, juillet 2023 (61,3 % de faux positifs en moyenne sur les copies du TOEFL) ; OpenAI, retrait de son détecteur le 20 juillet 2023.

Source : J. Buolamwini et T. Gebru, « Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification », Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 81, 2018 (taux d’erreur de 20,8 % à 34,7 % pour les femmes à la peau foncée selon les systèmes, 0,8 % au maximum pour les hommes à la peau claire). Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

AFTER YANG (2022)

Yang lives with a family. He looks like a young man, but he is not human. One day, he stops working.

Write three hypotheses about the story in your notebook. Use may, might or could.

Example: Yang might be a robot who looks after a child.

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation : trois hypothèses lues avant l’écoute (minute 5) ; elles sont confirmées ou corrigées après l’écoute du résumé (minute 12), puis après la bande-annonce.

Session 4 · Film study · Fictions and realities

After Yang: learning from a machine

2022USA · 1 h 41 min · rated PG in the USA
Kogonadawriter and director
Alexander Weinsteinshort story “Saying Goodbye to Yang” (2016)
Colin FarrellJake, the father
Jodie Turner-SmithKyra, the mother
Justin H. MinYang

With Malea Emma Tjandrawidjaja (Mika) and Haley Lu Richardson (Ada). The film was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival in 2021, in the Un Certain Regard section.

Listen

The story

Computer voice: Michael (American English).

Transcript

After Yang is an American film written and directed by Kogonada. It was released in 2022. The story is set in a quiet, green future. Jake and Kyra have adopted a little girl from China, Mika. To help her connect with her Chinese heritage, they have bought Yang, a techno-sapien: an android who looks like a young man and acts as her big brother. Yang teaches Mika about China, plays with her and looks after her. One day, Yang stops working. Jake tries to have him repaired, and he discovers that Yang kept a memory bank: a few seconds of video, recorded every day. Watching these memories, Jake starts to wonder who Yang really was, and what it means to be human.

Check your hypotheses

1. Yang is
2. Yang’s job is to
3. When Yang stops working, Jake discovers

The trailer

Bande-annonce officielle : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kwp32zLc08c

Watch twice

First viewing, sound off: write five words to describe the atmosphere (colours, light, rhythm, places).

Second viewing, sound on: note two sentences you hear. Who says them? To whom?

Possible words: quiet, slow, soft light, natural, green, peaceful, melancholy, tender, mysterious. Critics often describe the film as calm and meditative: the drama is inside the characters, not in action scenes.
Listen

A key scene: the orchard

Computer voice: Emma (British English).

Transcript

Mika has had a difficult day. At school, other children told her that Jake and Kyra are not her real parents. Yang takes her to an orchard. He shows her a branch from one tree that has been grafted onto another tree. At first, the branch and the tree were separate. Now they grow together, and they are both part of the same tree. Yang explains that Mika is like that branch: she is part of her family, and her Chinese roots are part of her too. The scene is quiet, and very moving. A machine is teaching a child who she is.

Explain the image. What does the grafted branch represent? Why is it important that a machine says this to Mika?

The branch represents Mika: she comes from another “tree” (her birth family and China), but she now grows with her adoptive family. The two are not in conflict: they become one. It is moving and strange at the same time that a machine, which was bought, teaches her that she belongs.
Photograph of a grafted apple tree: several young thin branches inserted into the cut end of an old, thick branch, with a green garden behind.
A real graft: young branches inserted into an old apple tree, as in Yang’s lesson to Mika · Photo Karelj, Wikimedia Commons, public domain
Real life

Machines as companions: not only in films

A robot against loneliness (New York State, since 2022). The New York State Office for the Aging has given ElliQ, a small talking robot with a screen, to more than 800 older people who live alone. ElliQ starts conversations, reminds them to take their medicine, suggests exercises and helps them call their families. In 2023, the State reported that 95% of users said they felt less lonely, a figure based on what users declared.

Sources: New York State Office for the Aging, 2023 · Smithsonian Magazine, 2022

A novelist who confided in ChatGPT (Japan, 2024). Rie Kudan, the novelist of session 2, told journalists that, in her own life, she consulted ChatGPT about problems she felt she could not tell anyone. When the AI did not say what she expected, she sometimes put her feelings into the lines of her main character.

Source: CNN, 19 January 2024

Compare with the film: Is ElliQ a little like Yang? What is the difference between a machine that helps and a machine that replaces people? Unlike Yang, ElliQ… · Both… · Whereas…

Drama: Yang’s silence

The film does not hide the pain. Mika is devastated when Yang stops working. At first, Jake treats Yang like a faulty appliance and worries about the warranty and the cost of a repair; little by little, he grieves for him like a member of the family. The memories show that Yang was curious, attentive and perhaps more than a machine. The question of the film is serious: if a machine can love, remember and teach, what makes us human?

Say it right

Intonation: up or down?

In English, the melody of the voice carries meaning. A statement goes down ↘. A yes/no question goes up ↗. A question with who, what, where, why goes down ↘. A question tag goes down when you are sure and expect agreement, up when you really ask.

He’s a machine. ↘ (statement)
He’s a machine? ↗ (surprise: you can’t believe it)
Can he be repaired? ↗ (yes/no question)
Who was Yang? ↘ (wh- question)
He isn’t coming back, is he? ↘ (you are sure, and sad)
He isn’t coming back, is he? ↗ (you really hope for an answer)

Your turn: up or down?

Say each sentence aloud, then choose the melody of the end.

1. Where did Jake take Yang?
2. Is Yang still under warranty?
3. Mika misses her big brother.
4. Do you think Yang had feelings?
5. Why did Yang record those memories?

Write: Yang and Mika

Level B1Describe Yang in five sentences with relative clauses: Yang is an android who… · He is the one who… · The memories which…
Level B1+100 to 120 words: Mika’s diary, the evening Yang stops working. Use the past simple and I wish…
Level B2180 words: “Can a machine teach you who you are?” Refer to the orchard scene and to what you know about AI in schools.
Model (B1+)

Dear diary, today was the worst day of my life. This morning, Yang didn’t answer when I called him. Dad tried to switch him on again, but nothing happened. Yang was not just a robot: he was my big brother. He taught me Chinese words and he showed me the trees in the orchard. When the children at school were mean to me, he was the one who listened. Mum says Dad will find someone to repair him. I wish I could believe her. Tonight, the house is too quiet. I miss his voice.

Yang was bought to teach Mika about China. But was he Chinese? Can you learn a culture from a machine, or only from people who live it?

After Yang (Kogonada, 2022) : Jake et Kyra ont adopté Mika, une petite fille née en Chine. Ils ont acheté Yang, un androïde « techno-sapiens », pour qu’il soit son grand frère et lui transmette sa culture d’origine. Quand Yang tombe en panne, Jake découvre sa mémoire : quelques secondes de vidéo enregistrées chaque jour. Le film pose une question grave : qu’est-ce qui fait de nous des humains ? En intonation : une question fermée (oui/non) monte, une question ouverte (who, what, why…) descend.

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 7Lecture de trois hypothèses.
7 → 13Fiche du film, écoute du résumé, vérification des hypothèses.
13 → 21Bande-annonce : premier visionnage sans le son (atmosphère), second avec le son.
21 → 30Scène du verger : écoute, explication de l’image de la greffe, puis paragraphe sur le drame.
30 → 40Say it right : intonation, répétition, exercice « up or down? » à voix haute en binômes.
40 → 52Écriture à trois niveaux.
52 → 55Lecture d’un journal de Mika ; correction d’intonation sur une question.
ProlongementEncadré « Real life » (ElliQ, Rie Kudan) : lecture à la maison, puis comparaison orale avec Yang en bell-ringer de la séance suivante (« Unlike Yang, ElliQ… »).

Film original, rarement étudié en classe : classé PG aux États-Unis (thèmes graves, quelques mots grossiers). Le drame n’est pas édulcoré : la panne de Yang, le deuil de Mika et la question de la mort d’un être artificiel sont au cœur de l’œuvre. Disponible en DVD, Blu-ray et VOD selon les plateformes ; vérifier avant la séance. Sources de l’encadré « Real life » : New York State Office for the Aging (programme ElliQ depuis 2022 ; 95 % des utilisateurs déclarent se sentir moins seuls, chiffre déclaratif publié en 2023) ; CNN, 19 janvier 2024 (Rie Kudan). Lien avec l’axe 3 « Fictions et réalités » (« Quand la science-fiction nourrit l’innovation scientifique »).

Note sur les voix : la montée de l’intonation des enregistrements « ↗ » a été renforcée au montage, car les voix de synthèse ont tendance à descendre en fin de phrase. Faites entendre aussi votre propre voix sur ces exemples. Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

Copy these eight words. Underline the strong syllable. No help, no phone: trust your ear.

technology · technological · analysis · analytical · algorithm · predictive · a record · to record

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant le travail. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 10) : correction immédiate avec les enregistrements de la séance 1 et de la partie 1 ci-dessous ; chaque élève compte ses bonnes réponses et le note dans la marge (il refera le même test en fin de séance).

Session 5 · Phonology and prosody

Pronunciation lab: sound like a speaker, not a reader

Good pronunciation is not about having a perfect accent. It is about being understood easily and sounding confident. Today you work like actors: listen, imitate, record yourself, improve.

a record (noun) to record (verb) RE cord re CORD /ˈrekɔːd/ · loud, long, high first /rɪˈkɔːd/ · the weight moves to the end
One spelling, two stress patterns: the big circle is the strong syllable · Original illustration
Real life

Machines do not hear everybody equally

In 2020, researchers at Stanford University tested the speech recognition systems of five big companies (Amazon, Apple, Google, IBM and Microsoft) with recorded interviews of American speakers. On average, the machines got 35% of the words wrong for Black speakers and 19% for white speakers: almost twice as many errors. The reason was the same as in session 3: the systems had learnt mostly from certain voices.

The lesson for you: you do not need to hide your accent. What makes you understood, by people and by machines, is clear word stress, clear vowels and a good rhythm. That is exactly what you train today.

Source: A. Koenecke et al., “Racial disparities in automated speech recognition”, PNAS, April 2020

Part 1

Same spelling, different stress: noun or verb?

Many two-syllable words have the stress on the first syllable when they are nouns, and on the second when they are verbs.

We record every lesson. It’s a world record.
Please don’t object. It’s just an object.
Let’s present our project. We project it on the wall.
Is there any progress? The students progress quickly.

Noun or verb? Choose the stress

1. The company will produce a new chatbot.
2. She gave me a present.
3. Our school must permit the use of dictionaries.
4. AI is a subject for debate.
5. Prices increase every year.
Verbs: pro-DUCE, per-MIT, in-CREASE. Nouns: PRE-sent, SUB-ject.
Part 2

Connected speech: words hold hands

Linking. When a word ends with a consonant and the next one starts with a vowel, they join: It_is_an_artificial_assistant.

It‿is‿an‿artificial‿assistant.

Elision. Between two consonants, a /t/ or a /d/ often disappears: nex(t) step, mos(t) difficult.

The nex(t) step is the mos(t) difficult.

Assimilation. /d/ + /j/ becomes /dʒ/: would you → /wʊdʒu/, did you → /dɪdʒu/.

Would you like it? Did you use it? /wʊdʒu/ … /dɪdʒu/
Part 3

Tongue-twisters on the theme

Choose your challenge. B1: the slow version, three times. B1+: the normal version, three times without a mistake. B2: the normal version, from memory, then record yourself on your phone and compare.

Six sleek robots swiftly sorted sixty thick data sheets. /s/ /θ/ /ʃ/ · /iː/ /ɪ/
Which robot thinks the thoughts it thinks it thinks? /θ/ · /ɪ/
A clever chatbot can’t check facts, but a careful student can. /ɑː/ /æ/ · strong “can” at the end
If a cheap chip cheats, which chip should we choose? /tʃ/ /ʃ/ · /iː/ /ɪ/ /uː/
Part 4

Shadowing: speak like a speechwriter

Read the sentence in silence and mark the stressed words. Then shadow the voice: slow version twice, normal version twice, then alone.

To sum up, AI is a powerful tool, but the thinking is our job.
I propose to consider the question: can machines think?

Pair work: the pronunciation coach

Student A reads the four tongue-twisters. Student B listens with this checklist, then you swap.

CriterionYesNot yet
/θ/ in think, thick, thoughts: tongue between the teeth
Short /ɪ/ in chip, which, it and long /iː/ in cheap, sleek
Weak can /kən/ in the middle, strong can /kæn/ at the end
Words linked, no pause between them
Clear voice, eyes up, steady rhythm

Why do you think English word stress is difficult for many learners? Think about strong and weak syllables: in a long English word, only one syllable is strong.

Un mot de deux syllabes qui est à la fois nom et verbe porte souvent l’accent sur la première syllabe quand c’est un nom (a REcord) et sur la seconde quand c’est un verbe (to reCORD). En anglais parlé, les mots s’enchaînent (liaison), certains sons disparaissent (nex(t) step) ou se transforment (would you → « woudjou »). Les virelangues entraînent la bouche, comme des gammes pour un musicien.

MinutesDéroulement (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant le travail.
5 → 10Correction avec les enregistrements ; chaque élève note son score.
10 → 20Encadré « Real life » (2 min), puis partie 1 : paires nom/verbe, répétition, quiz.
20 → 30Partie 2 : liaison, élision, assimilation ; répétition chorale puis par rangée.
30 → 40Partie 3 : virelangues, chacun choisit son défi.
40 → 47Partie 4 : shadowing.
47 → 53Binômes « pronunciation coach » avec la grille.
53 → 55Même test qu’au bell-ringer : chacun compare ses deux scores.

Repères du programme (BO n° 22 du 29 mai 2025, terminale) : schémas intonatifs, accentuation du mot selon sa composition et, au niveau B2, selon sa nature (nom/verbe). Voie professionnelle : « l’entraînement à la prise de parole demande un travail spécifique et régulier en vue de l’amélioration de la prononciation » (programme de 2019). Les erreurs sont reprises immédiatement, sans bloquer la prise de parole. Encadré « Real life » à lire en 2 minutes avant la partie 1 (A. Koenecke et al., PNAS, 2020 : taux d’erreur moyen de 0,35 pour les locuteurs noirs, 0,19 pour les locuteurs blancs) ; il désamorce la peur de « l’accent » et recentre sur l’accentuation et le rythme. Charte du cours →

Illustration: on a wooden desk at sunset, a pile of newspapers with the headline “AI Reshapes the Newsroom”, a laptop showing a conversation with an AI news assistant, and an open notebook in which a hand writes a story with a fountain pen; through the window, the Tokyo skyline and Tokyo Tower. Illustration originale

Session 6 · Media literacy

AI Reshapes the Newsroom

New tools, new questions, old responsibilities.

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min · Lesson 1

Look at the newspaper in the picture at the top of this page. Work alone, in your notebook.

Illustration: a newspaper with the headline “AI Reshapes the Newsroom” and the line “New tools, new questions, old responsibilities”, next to a laptop and an open notebook.
  1. Copy the headline: AI Reshapes the Newsroom. Rewrite it as a full, normal sentence.
  2. The verb is in the present simple. Is the story about the past, the present or the future?
  3. Write a headline of six words maximum for this news: “Yesterday, our school decided to allow AI for homework.”

Illustration originale

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 9) : trois titres d’élèves au tableau ; on ne corrige pas encore, on y reviendra avec les règles du headlinese (minute 30) pour les améliorer. Réponses attendues : AI is reshaping / has reshaped the newsroom ; le présent simple des titres raconte un fait passé ou en cours ; School allows AI for homework.

Session 6 · Media literacy · Axis 4: Communication, “Chacun sa vérité ?”

Read the news: how the press tells an AI story

In session 2, you discovered the story of Rie Kudan, the novelist who won a top prize with a little help from ChatGPT. Today, you read it the way journalists write it: you take one real article apart, you learn the special English of headlines, and you compare how two newspapers told the same story. Then you write your own news article.

Photograph of a thick stack of folded daily newspapers.
A stack of daily newspapers · Photo Daniel R. Blume, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
Read

How the press works

Who writes the news?A reporter gathers the facts and interviews people. An editor checks the text and decides what is published. Very often, a sub-editor, not the reporter, writes the headline. Many facts first come from news agencies such as AFP, AP or Reuters, which sell their stories to newspapers all over the world.
News or opinion?A news article reports facts and quotes people. An editorial gives the opinion of the newspaper; an opinion column (op-ed) gives the opinion of one writer. The quality press keeps the two clearly separate; tabloids often mix them and prefer shocking headlines.
Why do headlines matter?Most people read only the headline. Online, a headline must make you click and share. That is why the choice of one verb (said or admitted?) or one word (controversy? scandal?) can change the way millions of readers see a story.

Anatomy of a real article

The core text of this session is a real CNN article, published on 19 January 2024. Read the extracts below, then open the full article.

PartWhat it doesIn the CNN article
HeadlineSums up the story in one line, in big letters.The winner of a prestigious Japanese literary award has confirmed AI helped write her book
StandfirstOne sentence under the headline that adds a detail and makes you want to read.“After author Rie Kudan won one of the country’s most prestigious literary awards, she admitted she had help from an unusual source.”
LeadThe first paragraph: the most important facts, the answers to who? what? when? where? why? how?“After Japanese author Rie Kudan won one of the country’s most prestigious literary awards, she admitted she’d had help from an unusual source, ChatGPT.”
QuoteThe exact words of a person, in quotation marks, with a reporting verb.“I plan to continue to profit from the use of AI in the writing of my novels, while letting my creativity express itself to the fullest,” said the 33-year-old…
Key factsNumbers, names, dates: the details that support the lead.Around 5% of the book was “word-for-word generated by AI”; committee members called it “practically flawless”.
BackgroundExplains what the reader needs to know.The novel is about an architect who must build a comfortable high-rise prison in Tokyo.
ContextPlaces the story in a bigger picture.A photographer refused a prize for an AI image in 2023; famous authors joined a lawsuit against OpenAI; more than 10,000 authors signed an open letter.
ReactionOther voices: experts, officials, the public.A writer on the prize committee, Keiichiro Hirano, wrote on X that the committee did not see her use of AI as a problem.
EndingThe least essential information: the article could be cut here.On social media, some were interested in her work; others called it “disrespectful” to other authors.

Core text: “The winner of a prestigious Japanese literary award has confirmed AI helped write her book”, CNN, 19 January 2024. Short extracts quoted for study.

The lead: 5W + H the most important facts key facts, quotes details background, reactions
The inverted pyramid · Original illustration

The inverted pyramid

A news article does not tell a story from the beginning to the end. It starts with the most important information and finishes with the least important. Why? Because many readers stop after the first paragraph, and because an editor who needs space can cut the article from the bottom without losing the essential facts.

A novel keeps the surprise for the end. A news article gives you the surprise in the first line.

Find the 5W + H in the lead

“After Japanese author Rie Kudan won one of the country’s most prestigious literary awards, she admitted she’d had help from an unusual source, ChatGPT.”

Who?
What?
When? (look in the second paragraph)
Where?
How?
Why is it news?
Who? Rie Kudan, a 33-year-old Japanese author · What? She won one of Japan’s most prestigious literary awards, the Akutagawa Prize, and admitted that ChatGPT helped her · When? On Wednesday (17 January 2024) · Where? In Japan (the article does not need to say more) · How? About 5% of the book was generated word for word by AI · Why is it news? Because it is surprising: a prize for human creativity went to a book partly written by a machine. Notice: the first sentence does not answer every question. Journalists finish the job in the second paragraph.

Said, admitted, claimed: the weight of a reporting verb

Journalists must say who said something: this is attribution (she said, according to the police, the company confirmed). But each verb carries a nuance. Choose what each verb suggests.

1. She said / explained / stated that…
2. She admitted / confessed that…
3. An account claimed / alleged that…
4. She revealed that…
1. neutral · 2. she did something wrong · 3. it may not be true · 4. it was a secret. Now look at CNN: the headline says she confirmed, the standfirst says she admitted. Both verbs suggest that something was hidden or wrong. Yet Rie Kudan spoke about AI herself, in her acceptance speech. The Japan Times wrote that she stated it: a neutral verb.

Headlinese: the special English of headlines

RuleHeadlineNormal English
Present simple for a past eventNovelist reveals AI wrote 5% of prize bookA novelist has revealed that AI wrote 5% of her prize-winning book.
to + verb for the futureAuthors to sue ChatGPT makerAuthors are going to take the company that makes ChatGPT to court.
No articles, no beNovel praised as flawlessThe novel has been praised as flawless.
Short, strong wordsJuror defends AI winnerrow = argument · bid = attempt · hail = praise · quit = leave · slam = criticise
Nouns stacked togetherAI prize rowan argument about a prize and AI
Comma or colon for “says”AI helped write book, author saysThe author says that AI helped her write her book.
Say it right

Read headlines like a news presenter

In a headline, almost all the small grammar words have disappeared, so nearly every word is stressed. Read slowly, give each word its weight, and let your voice fall at the end. With a long headline, make a short pause before the main verb.

Judges hail practically flawless novel.
Prize juror defends AI-assisted winner.
bestselling authors sue ChatGPT maker.
Novelist reveals AI wrote five per cent of prize book.
photographer quits contest over AI image.
The winner of a prestigious Japanese literary award | has confirmed | AI helped write her book. (CNN, real headline)
Akutagawa Prize | draws controversy | after win for work that used ChatGPT. (The Japan Times, real headline)

Note: controversy is stressed CONtroversy in American English and often conTROversy in British English. Both are correct.

Match the headline to the part of the CNN story

Each headline could sum up one paragraph of the CNN article. Listen to it, then choose the paragraph.

Novelist reveals AI wrote 5% of prize book
Judges hail “practically flawless” novel
Prize juror defends AI-assisted winner
Bestselling authors sue ChatGPT maker
Photographer quits contest over AI image
1. the author’s confirmation at a press conference · 2. the opinion of the prize committee · 3. the committee member’s message on X · 4. the authors who went to court · 5. the photographer who refused a prize (Boris Eldagsen, session 1).

Headline → normal English

  1. Judges hail “practically flawless” novel
  2. Prize juror defends AI-assisted winner
  3. Schools to train teachers in AI
  4. Deepfake “boss” tricks firm into HK$200m transfer
1. The judges have praised the novel as “practically flawless”. · 2. A member of the prize jury has defended the winner, who used AI. · 3. Schools are going to train their teachers to use AI. · 4. A fake video of a boss, created with AI, has tricked a company into transferring 200 million Hong Kong dollars.

Normal English → headline (6 words maximum)

  1. The Académie Goncourt has removed a novel from its list because of accusations of AI use and plagiarism.
  2. New York City is going to allow ChatGPT in its schools again.
  3. A study has shown that AI detectors are unfair to non-native speakers.
  4. Our school has decided to write a charter on AI.
Possible answers: 1. Goncourt drops novel amid AI row · 2. New York to lift ChatGPT ban · 3. AI detectors biased, study finds · 4. School to adopt AI charter
Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min · Lesson 2

Two real headlines about the same event. Copy them, then answer.

A. The winner of a prestigious Japanese literary award has confirmed AI helped write her book (CNN)

B. Akutagawa Prize draws controversy after win for work that used ChatGPT (The Japan Times)

  1. Who or what is the subject of each headline?
  2. Which headline makes you think there is a problem? Underline the word.

Entrée en cours (deuxième séance de la partie 6). Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 9) : A : le sujet est la lauréate, le verbe confirmed laisse entendre un aveu ; B : le sujet est le prix, le mot controversy annonce un débat. C’est l’entrée dans la comparaison des cadrages.

Same story, two newspapers: framing

Framing is the way a journalist presents a story: what comes first, which words are chosen, whose voices are heard. Two honest newspapers can report the same facts and still give two different impressions.

CNN (United States), 19 January 2024The Japan Times (Japan), 19 January 2024
Focus of the headlineThe winner and what she “confirmed”The prize and the “controversy”
Verb for her wordsadmitted, confirmedstated, followed by her full sentence from the acceptance speech
Her name, the titleRie Kudan, The Tokyo Tower of SympathyRie Qudan, Tokyo-to Dojo-to (Sympathy Tower Tokyo)
Voices heardThe author, a committee member, other artists and authors around the worldThe author and many users of X, for and against
ToneSerious, international: AI and creative jobsLively, even humorous: “the first time artificial intelligence walked away with a piece of the prestigious literary award”

Second text, for comparison only: “Akutagawa Prize draws controversy after win for work that used ChatGPT”, The Japan Times, 19 January 2024.

Which newspaper?

1. It mentions famous authors who went to court against OpenAI.
2. It quotes a user who compares the prize to chess and go.
3. It uses the verb “admitted”.
4. It puts the prize, not the person, at the start of the headline.
1. CNN · 2. The Japan Times · 3. CNN · 4. The Japan Times. To discuss: which article seems more neutral to you? Is a lively tone a form of bias? There is no single right answer, but you must justify yours with words from the texts.

Fact or opinion?

1. Rie Kudan won the Akutagawa Prize in January 2024.
2. Using AI is disrespectful to other authors.
3. Committee members described the novel as “practically flawless”.
4. AI will destroy literature.
5. According to the author, about 5% of the text came directly from AI.
1. fact · 2. opinion (reported by CNN, but it remains the opinion of some users) · 3. fact: it is a fact that they said it, even if “flawless” is their opinion · 4. opinion · 5. fact: the attribution “according to the author” tells you who is responsible for the figure.
Real life

Check before you share: four reflexes

  1. Who published it? A known newspaper, an agency, an anonymous account?
  2. Do other reliable media report it? One source is not enough.
  3. What is the original source? Find the first document: the speech, the study, the official statement.
  4. Is the image or the voice real? Look for the original picture, the date, an official confirmation. Remember the deepfakes of session 3.

BREAKING!!! Japanese robot writes 100% of prize-winning novel. Judges totally fooled. Share before it’s deleted!

Your task: find at least three problems in this post. Use the CNN article and the four reflexes.

1. False figure: the author said about 5%, not 100%. · 2. “Robot” is wrong: a human writer used a chatbot as a tool. · 3. “Judges fooled” is false: a committee member said the judges did not see her use of AI as a problem, and she spoke about it herself. · 4. No source, no name, no date. · 5. “Share before it’s deleted” and the capital letters are classic signs of manipulation. · Link with session 3: in the Orélien affair, a single anonymous account and a single tool were enough to start a storm.

Write: your own news article

Write a news article for your school newspaper about Rie Kudan, about the Orélien affair (be careful: facts only, and use accused of, denies, according to), or about an event linked to AI in your school or your town. Follow the inverted pyramid.

Level B1 · 80 wordsA headline, a lead with the 5W, one quote with said, one more detail.
Level B1+ · 110 wordsHeadline, standfirst, lead, two quotes with two different reporting verbs, one figure.
Level B2 · 150 wordsFull inverted pyramid: headline in headlinese, standfirst, lead, key facts, background, two attributed reactions (for and against), a neutral ending.
Model (B1)

Novelist used ChatGPT for prize book

A young Japanese writer, Rie Kudan, won Japan’s top prize for new writers on 17 January 2024. Her novel is about a prison in Tokyo. After the prize, she said that about 5% of the text came directly from ChatGPT. A member of the prize committee said it was not a problem. On social media, some readers were happy, but others said it was unfair to other writers.

Model (B2)

AI-assisted novel wins top Japanese prize

The winner says she will keep working with chatbots

A novel partly written with ChatGPT has won the Akutagawa Prize, Japan’s most prestigious award for new writers of fiction. The author, 33-year-old Rie Kudan, stated in her acceptance speech on 17 January 2024 that “probably about 5%” of the text came directly from generative AI.

Committee members had described Sympathy Tower Tokyo, the story of an architect designing a comfortable prison, as “practically flawless”. One of them, the writer Keiichiro Hirano, later explained that the jury did not see her use of AI as a problem.

Not everyone agrees. On social media, some readers praised her approach, while others called the award unfair to authors who write without AI. The debate is likely to continue as more writers use these tools.

Words from the official programme: journalism

B1: prestigious, to broadcast, partial / impartial, to deceive, high-quality press, (in)accurate, to report, reporter, tabloids, headlines, a piece of news

B2: reliable, trustworthy, unreliable, to mislead, to spread the word, gutter press, to hit the headlines, a flow of information, media literacy

CNN chose “admitted”, The Japan Times chose “stated”. If you were the editor, which verb would you choose, and why? Can a single word be a form of bias?

Un article de presse suit la pyramide inversée : l’essentiel d’abord (le lead, qui répond à qui ? quoi ? quand ? où ? pourquoi ? comment ?), les détails ensuite, le contexte à la fin. Sous le titre (headline), le chapeau (standfirst) donne envie de lire. Les titres anglais ont leur propre grammaire : présent simple pour un fait passé (Novelist reveals…), to + verbe pour le futur (Authors to sue…), ni articles ni be. Le choix d’un verbe introducteur (said, neutre ; admitted, qui suggère une faute ; claimed, qui suggère un doute) suffit à orienter le lecteur : c’est le cadrage (framing).

Deux séances de 55 minutes. Texte support unique : l’article de CNN du 19 janvier 2024 sur Rie Kudan (déjà rencontré en séance 2) ; l’article de The Japan Times ne sert qu’à la comparaison des cadrages.

MinutesSéance 6, première heure (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer 1 affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 9Réutilisation : trois titres d’élèves au tableau, sans correction.
9 → 15« How the press works » : lecture en trois groupes (un encadré chacun), restitution d’une phrase par groupe.
15 → 27Anatomie de l’article : lecture du tableau, schéma de la pyramide inversée, 5W + H (binômes), correction.
27 → 32Verbes introducteurs : quiz, puis remarque sur admitted / confirmed / stated.
32 → 42Headlinese : règles, puis amélioration des titres du bell-ringer ; Say it right : lecture des titres (chœur, puis individuellement), appariement titres et paragraphes.
42 → 52Réécritures : titre → anglais courant, puis anglais courant → titre (six mots maximum).
52 → 55Trois élèves lisent leur meilleur titre comme un présentateur ; vote de la classe.
MinutesSession 6, deuxième heure (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer 2 (deux titres réels) affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 9Réutilisation : sujet de chaque titre, mot qui oriente.
9 → 20Tableau CNN / The Japan Times, quiz « Which newspaper? », débat court sur la neutralité.
20 → 26Fait ou opinion, correction justifiée.
26 → 33Les quatre réflexes, puis analyse du faux message (binômes) ; lien avec l’affaire Orélien.
33 → 52Écriture de l’article à trois niveaux (modèles visibles pour les B1 après 10 minutes seulement).
52 → 55Lecture de deux articles ; la classe identifie le lead et les 5W.

Ancrage. Voie générale : axe 4 « Enjeux et formes de la communication », objet « Chacun sa vérité ? Le défi du complotisme » ; lexique « Journalisme » du programme (BO n° 22 du 29 mai 2025). Voie professionnelle : « comprendre, analyser et rendre compte d’articles de presse » ; « prendre toute leur part dans la lutte contre la manipulation de l’information » (programme de 2019). Dans le débat de la séance 7, les journalistes réutilisent directement le titre et le lead.

Faits vérifiés dans les deux articles : CNN (titre, chapeau, attaque, citations de Rie Kudan et de Keiichiro Hirano, « around 5% », « practically flawless », contexte Eldagsen, procès contre OpenAI, lettre ouverte de plus de 10 000 auteurs) ; The Japan Times, article de Thu-Huong Ha (verbe stated, citation complète du discours, réactions sur X, comparaison avec les échecs et le go). Les titres en headlinese autres que ceux de CNN et du Japan Times sont rédigés pour l’exercice. Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min · Lesson 1: grammar focus

Copy and complete in your notebook. Work alone.

  1. If I were the head teacher, I would… (one rule about AI)
  2. If students use AI for homework, they will…
  3. If Rie Kudan had not used ChatGPT, …

Underline the verb in each part of your sentences.

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation (minutes 5 à 9) : trois phrases au tableau, une par ligne ; on entoure les deux verbes de chaque phrase : c’est l’entrée dans les règles ci-dessous. Les phrases fausses (If I would be…) sont gardées pour l’encadré des erreurs.

Session 7 · Grammar and interaction

The debate: a school board meeting

In the United States, many public schools are run by a school board: elected members who decide rules and budgets in public meetings, where parents, teachers and students can speak. Tonight, the board must answer one question.

Grammar focus: the conditional

Grammar

Step 1 · would, could, might, should + base verb

These modals are followed by the base verb: no to, no -s, no -ing.

ModalMeaningExample
would /wəd/an imagined resultA ban would change nothing at home.
could /kəd/a possibility, an abilityAI could help us revise.
mighta weaker possibility (maybe)It might make mistakes.
should /ʃəd/advice, a recommendationWe should check every answer.
AI could help us, but it might make mistakes, so we should check every answer. /kəd/ … /ʃəd/
First conditional · a real possibilityIf + present simple, will / won’t + base verb

If you copy the answer, you won’t learn anything.
→ It can really happen tomorrow.
Second conditional · an imagined presentIf + preterite, would + base verb

If AI replaced teachers, students would learn alone.
→ It is not true now; we imagine it. With be: If I were…
Third conditional · an imagined pastIf + past perfect, would have + past participle

If the jury had known, would it have chosen another book?
→ It is too late: we imagine a different past.
Say it right

Conditionals with weak forms and contractions

In natural speech, would, could, had and have are not stressed. would → /wəd/ · I would → I’d /aɪd/ · it would → it’d /ˈɪtəd/ · would have → /ˈwʊdəv/ · wouldn’t have → /ˈwʊdnəv/ · could have → /ˈkʊdəv/. Never write “would of” or “could of”: it is only the sound of have.

If you copy the answer, you won’t learn anything. (first)
If AI replaced teachers, students would learn alone. /wəd/ (second)
If I were the chair, I’d ban it for tests. /wə/ … /aɪd/ (second)
If it made a mistake, it’d be hard to notice. /ˈɪtəd/ (second)
If the jury had known, would it have chosen another book? /əd/ … /əv/ (third)
If Rie Kudan hadn’t mentioned ChatGPT, few people would have known. /ˈwʊdəv/ (third)
If the detectors had agreed, the debate wouldn’t have been so loud. /ˈwʊdnəv/ (third)
The account could have checked with other tools before accusing him. /ˈkʊdəv/ (past possibility)

The facts behind the examples: Rie Kudan spoke about ChatGPT herself in her acceptance speech (session 2); the detectors tested by AFP disagreed, and the accusation against Thélyson Orélien relied on one tool (session 3).

Common mistakes

Wrong RightWhy
If AI would replace teachers…If AI replaced teachers…Never would after if: use the past simple.
If you will copy, you won’t learn.If you copy, you won’t learn.No will after if: the present simple already expresses the future.
If the jury would have known…If the jury had known…The past perfect goes after if; would have goes in the other part.
Students would to learn / would learnedStudents would learnModal + base verb.
It would of been easier.It would have been easier./ˈwʊdəv/ is written would have.
If I was the chair… (informal)If I were the chair…were for all persons in careful English, at the exam and in a charter.

Practise at your level

Level B1

First and second conditionals

1. If you copy the answer, you (not / learn) anything.
2. If AI replaced teachers, students (feel) alone.
3. If I (be) the chair, I would ask for a vote.
4. If a chatbot (invent) a source, you will lose points.
5. We check every answer: it is good advice.
6. It make mistakes: we are not sure.
1. won’t learn · 2. would feel · 3. were (was is possible in informal English) · 4. invents (no will after if) · 5. should · 6. might
Level B1+

Second and third conditionals

1. If the school banned AI, students (use) it at home anyway.
2. If Rie Kudan (not / speak) about ChatGPT, few people would have known.
3. If the jury had known before, it (choose) another book?
4. If detectors (be) reliable, teachers could use them.
5. Find the correct sentence:
1. would use · 2. hadn’t spoken · 3. would … have chosen · 4. were · 5. If AI wrote my essay, I would fail.
Level B2

Third conditional and past modals

1. If the detectors had agreed, the debate (not / be) so intense.
2. The anonymous account (could / check) with other tools before accusing him.
3. If Boris Eldagsen had kept quiet, the judges (might / never / discover) the truth.
4. If New York (not / lift) its ban in May 2023, its schools would still block ChatGPT today.
5. Rewrite with a third conditional: “The school didn’t train its teachers, so the rules were unclear.”
1. wouldn’t have been · 2. could have checked · 3. might never have discovered · 4. hadn’t lifted (a mixed conditional: past condition, present result) · 5. If the school had trained its teachers, the rules would have been clearer.

Use it in the debate and in the charter

In the debate: If we banned AI, students would… · If I were a parent, I’d… · What would happen if…? · If the school had listened to students, we wouldn’t have…

In the charter (session 8): each group writes at least one second and one third conditional to justify a rule.

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min · Lesson 2: the debate

Should students be allowed to use AI for their homework?

  1. Write your best argument for, in one sentence.
  2. Write your best argument against, in one sentence.

Use: because · so · otherwise · as long as

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant l’écriture. Réutilisation : chaque élève recopie ses deux phrases sur deux papiers ; ils deviennent les cartes d’arguments distribuées aux rôles du débat (minute 20).

Listen

The meeting begins

Computer voices: George (British English, chair), Heart (American English, parent) and Emma (British English, student).

Transcript

Chair: Good evening, everyone. Tonight, the school board must decide one question: should students be allowed to use AI for their homework? Let’s hear the first speakers.

Parent: As a parent, I’m worried. If my son lets a chatbot write his essays, what is he actually learning? I’d like a clear rule: no AI for graded homework.

Student: With all due respect, I disagree. Banning it won’t work: students will use it at home anyway. I’d rather we learnt to use it well. For example, a chatbot can quiz me before a test, but the answers must be mine.

Chair: That’s a fair point. So, what exactly would count as cheating?

Student: Copying an answer and pretending it’s your own work. Asking for help to understand is not cheating.

Who says what?

1. “No AI for graded homework.”
2. “Banning it won’t work.”
3. “What exactly would count as cheating?”
4. For the student, cheating is
Say it right

Polite but firm: phrases for debating

In a debate, the melody matters as much as the words: a calm, falling voice sounds confident; a rising voice sounds unsure.

I see your point, but I’m not convinced. ↘
That’s a fair point. ↘
With all due respect, I disagree. ↘
What exactly do you mean by cheating? ↘
Let me finish, please. ↘
Should students use AI for homework? chair parent student teacher company data officer journalist public
The school board meeting · Original illustration
Real life

Real positions to quote in the debate

Strong debaters quote real facts. Each role can use one of these cards, with its date and its source.

New York City, 2023Banned ChatGPT on school devices in January, then lifted the ban in May: the chancellor called the first reaction “knee-jerk fear”. (Chalkbeat, session 2)
UNESCO, September 2023No ban, but rules: protect students’ data, train teachers, a minimum age for AI tools in class. (session 2)
British universities, July 2023The 24 universities of the Russell Group promised to help students and staff become “AI-literate” and to adapt teaching and assessment, while protecting academic integrity. (Russell Group, July 2023)
A Japanese prize jury, 2024A member of the Akutagawa Prize committee said the jury did not see the winner’s use of AI (about 5% of the text) as a problem. (CNN, sessions 2 and 6)
A French prize jury, 2026The Académie Goncourt removed a novel from its list, citing plagiarism and suspicions of AI use that the author denies. “We were not all in agreement,” said one juror. (France Inter, HuffPost, session 3)
Stanford researchers, 2023AI detectors wrongly labelled 61.3% of essays by non-native English speakers as AI-generated, on average. (Patterns, session 3)

Source of the third card: Russell Group, “Principles on the use of generative AI tools in education”, July 2023.

The roles

The chairOpens the meeting, gives the floor, keeps the time, asks for clarification and announces the vote.
ParentsWorried about learning, cheating, screen time and fairness between families.
Student representativesWant to use AI to learn better, but also want clear and fair rules.
TeachersWant students to think for themselves; some use AI to prepare lessons.
A technology companyWants schools to buy its learning assistant; promises safety and progress.
The data protection officerAsks where students’ data goes, who keeps it and for how long.
JournalistsTake notes, ask one question each, then write a headline in headlinese and a lead with the 5W about the vote (session 6).

Speak: your part in the debate

Level B1A 30-second statement prepared on a card (key words only), then one reaction with a phrase from the list.
Level B1+A one-minute statement with an example, then two reactions.
Level B2A one-minute statement, then a refutation: repeat the other person’s idea (So you’re saying that…) and answer it.

Is it possible to write a rule that everybody accepts? What would a good compromise look like?

Aux États-Unis, beaucoup d’écoles publiques dépendent d’un school board, un conseil élu qui décide en réunion publique. Tu joues un rôle : parent, élève, professeur, entreprise, délégué à la protection des données, journaliste ou président de séance. Pour être convaincant, parle d’une voix posée qui descend en fin de phrase.

Deux séances de 55 minutes. Première heure : Grammar focus (le conditionnel). Deuxième heure : le débat.

MinutesSéance 7, première heure : Grammar focus (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer « Lesson 1 » affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 9Réutilisation : trois phrases d’élèves au tableau, verbes entourés.
9 → 16Étape 1 (modaux + base verbale), puis les trois conditionnels : un exemple oral par élève volontaire.
16 → 26Say it right : formes faibles et contractions (chœur, puis rangées, puis individuellement, vitesse lente puis normale).
26 → 31Erreurs fréquentes : on corrige les phrases fausses du bell-ringer.
31 → 46Exercices à trois niveaux avec auto-correction (bouton Check) ; chacun commence à son niveau et passe au suivant ; le professeur circule.
46 → 52Production : chaque binôme écrit deux phrases au conditionnel pour le débat (une au second, une au troisième).
52 → 55Lecture de trois phrases avec les formes faibles ; elles serviront de cartes d’arguments.
MinutesSession 7, deuxième heure : le débat (55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant l’écriture.
5 → 12Écoute du début de la réunion, quiz « Who says what? ».
12 → 20Say it right : phrases du débat, intonation descendante, répétition en chœur puis en binômes.
20 → 28Attribution des rôles, distribution des cartes d’arguments du bell-ringer et d’une carte « Real positions » par rôle, préparation en groupes de rôle (mots-clés seulement).
28 → 48Débat : le président de séance mène, le professeur chronomètre et note les interventions.
48 → 51Vote du conseil.
51 → 55Les journalistes lisent leur titre et leur lead (méthode de la séance 6) ; retour du professeur sur deux points de langue.

Grammaire : les exemples s’appuient sur des faits vérifiés (Rie Kudan a parlé elle-même de ChatGPT ; les détecteurs testés par l’AFP ont divergé) et formulent des hypothèses, jamais des accusations. Évaluation de l’interaction possible (voie pro : entraînement à la partie 2 de la situation B ; voie générale : expression orale en interaction) : réagir, reformuler, justifier, intonation et clarté. Source de la carte « British universities » : Russell Group, principes de juillet 2023 ; les autres cartes reprennent les sources des séances 2, 3 et 6. Charte du cours →

Bell-ringer · Entrée en cours · 5 min

Copy the seven criteria. Tick the ones you are ready for. Circle the one you will work on today.

  1. I can explain why a school needs rules on AI.
  2. I can give three principles with an example each.
  3. I use modals: must, should, can’t, are allowed to.
  4. I use connectors: first, moreover, however, to sum up.
  5. I justify a rule with a second and a third conditional.
  6. I stress the right syllables and use weak forms.
  7. I speak from key words, not from a written text.

Entrée en cours. Cadre projeté avant l’entrée ; appel pendant le travail. Réutilisation : chaque groupe annonce le critère qu’il travaille ; pendant les répétitions, le professeur passe en priorité sur ce critère.

Session 8 · Final task

Final task: our class AI charter

Write and present the charter that will guide the use of AI in our class.
Write

The charter

In groups of three, write a charter of three to five principles. For each principle: a rule and a reason or an example. Use at least one second and one third conditional to justify your rules. Reuse your work from the sessions: the policies of session 2, the warning labels and the rules on detectors of session 3, the four reflexes of session 6, the arguments of the debate.

LevelLength
B1100 to 120 words
B1+120 to 150 words
B2180 to 200 words, with a short introduction and a concession
Speak

The presentation

Present your charter in 4 to 5 minutes, then answer questions for 5 minutes. You may use a plan and key words, not a written text.

Voie professionnelle: this is training for situation B of the bac pro exam (up to 5 minutes of continuous speech, then up to 5 minutes of interaction). Voie générale: this trains you to speak at length, argue and react to questions.

Listen

A model presentation (about one minute)

Computer voice: Emma (British English).

Transcript

Good morning. Today, we would like to present our class charter on artificial intelligence. First, why do we need one? Because AI is already in our pockets, and we believe that rules are better than silence. Our charter has three principles. One: AI can help us learn, but it must never think for us. We can use it to quiz ourselves, or to explain a word, but every answer we hand in must be our own. Two: we always check. Chatbots make mistakes and can invent sources, so we compare what they say with at least one reliable source. Three: we protect our data. We never share our names, photos or personal information with an AI tool. To sum up, AI is a powerful tool, but the thinking is our job. Thank you for listening. We are happy to answer your questions.

Analyse the model: find the introduction, the three principles, the connectors and the conclusion. Then make your presentation longer and more personal: your presentation must last 4 to 5 minutes.

Language toolkit

Rules

Students must… · Students are allowed to… · Students are not allowed to… · AI should never… · We can’t… · Every answer must be…

Reasons and examples

because… · so that… · otherwise… · for example… · as the Gender Shades study showed…

Conditionals (Grammar focus, tab 7 →)

If a student uses AI, they must say so. · If we banned AI completely, students would use it at home anyway. · If the school had written rules earlier, the debate wouldn’t have been so hard.

Structure

First… · Moreover… · However… · Although… · To sum up… · That is why…

Interaction

That’s a good question. · Let me explain. · In other words… · I’m not sure I understand: do you mean…?

Say it right

Before you present

Mark your text: underline the stressed syllables of the long words (session 1), circle the weak forms (session 2), draw ↗ or ↘ at the end of each question (session 4), mark the weak forms of would, I’d, would have (session 7), and link the words that hold hands (session 5). Then shadow the conclusion of the model.

To sum up, AI is a powerful tool, but the thinking is our job.

Assessment grid (out of 20)

CriterionPoints
Content: three to five clear principles, each with a reason or an example from the learning journey5
Organisation: introduction, connectors, conclusion3
Language: modals, conditionals (at least one second and one third), connectors, vocabulary from the programme4
Pronunciation: word stress, weak forms, intonation, clear sounds4
Interaction: understands the questions, answers with details, reformulates4
Real life

A real charter: the Russell Group principles (United Kingdom, July 2023)

In July 2023, the 24 leading research universities of the United Kingdom published five principles on generative AI in education. Notice how short and clear they are: a subject, a modal or will, an action.

  1. Universities will support students and staff to become AI-literate.
  2. Staff should be equipped to support students to use generative AI tools effectively and appropriately in their learning experience.
  3. Universities will adapt teaching and assessment to incorporate the ethical use of generative AI and support equal access.
  4. Universities will ensure academic rigour and integrity is upheld.
  5. Universities will work collaboratively to share best practice as the technology and its application in education evolves.

Compare: which principle would you keep for our class? Which one is missing for a lycée?

Source: Russell Group, July 2023

Final quiz

1. Who asked “Can machines think?” in 1950?
2. What did New York City decide in May 2023?
3. Why did face-analysis systems make more mistakes with darker-skinned women?
4. In After Yang, Yang was bought to
5. Where is the stress in technological?
6. In “Yes, it was.”, was is pronounced
7. What did Rie Kudan say about ChatGPT and her novel?
8. In a headline, Authors to sue ChatGPT maker refers to
9. An AI detector gives

Par groupes de trois, rédigez une charte de classe sur l’IA : trois à cinq principes, chacun avec une règle et une raison ou un exemple tirés de la séquence (les principes de 24 grandes universités britanniques, publiés en juillet 2023, donnent un modèle réel). Puis présentez-la pendant 4 à 5 minutes, à partir d’un plan et de mots-clés (pas de texte rédigé lu), avant 5 minutes de questions. En voie professionnelle, c’est l’entraînement à la situation B de l’épreuve.

MinutesDéroulement (2 × 55 min)
0 → 5Bell-ringer (critères) affiché avant l’entrée, appel pendant le travail.
5 → 12Écoute et analyse du modèle (structure, connecteurs) ; lecture rapide des principes du Russell Group (forme : sujet, modal ou will, action).
12 → 40Rédaction de la charte par groupes ; le professeur circule en priorité sur les critères entourés.
40 → 52Préparation orale : texte annoté (accent, formes faibles, intonation), répétition en shadowing.
52 → 55Chaque groupe lit son premier principe ; ordre de passage de la séance suivante.
Séances de présentationBell-ringer : relire ses mots-clés et s’entraîner à voix basse pendant l’appel (5 min). Puis 10 minutes par groupe (présentation de 4 à 5 min, échange de 5 min), soit quatre à cinq groupes par séance ; les autres élèves notent une question par groupe.

Voie professionnelle : épreuve définie par l’arrêté du 17 juin 2020 (annexe V, BO n° 30 du 23 juillet 2020), situation B, 10 minutes, deux parties de 5 minutes maximum. Les chartes peuvent être affichées en classe et comparées à la charte du cours. Charte du cours →

Pour le professeur · Principes de la séquence

Charte du cours

Le désordre en classe n’est pas une fatalité. Il naît le plus souvent d’un cours qui n’a pas été pensé pour les élèves qui sont devant nous, et d’une organisation qui prive le professeur des premières minutes. Cette charte réunit les principes qui fondent cette séquence et toutes les autres.

  1. Un cours exigeant est la première règle de disciplineLe chahut vient d’abord de cours trop pauvres, où il n’y a rien à comprendre, ou de cours qui ne sont pas conçus pour les élèves. Un contenu riche, clair et bien construit retient l’attention mieux que n’importe quelle sanction.
  2. Le professeur se montre à la hauteurIl maîtrise son sujet, prépare chaque séance et doit pouvoir impressionner ses élèves : par ce qu’il sait, par ce qu’il leur fait découvrir, par la qualité de sa langue. Une classe respecte un cours qui l’élève.
  3. Élever le niveau sans effrayerRenoncer à l’exigence ne protège personne : à force de plier l’échine et de baisser le niveau, le professeur perd le respect de la classe et les élèves perdent ce qu’ils sont venus chercher. On exige beaucoup, et l’on donne les moyens d’y parvenir : modèles, enregistrements, étapes claires, trois niveaux d’exigence.
  4. Concevoir le cours pour les élèves réelsLe cours est pensé pour ces élèves-là : leur niveau, leur curiosité, leur futur métier ou leurs études. Il est ensuite dispensé comme il faut : consignes brèves, supports prêts, voix posée, rythme soutenu.
  5. Pas une seconde d’ennuiChaque minute est prévue. Les élèves ne doivent jamais avoir le temps de s’ennuyer, car l’ennui ouvre la porte au bazar. Les transitions sont préparées et la tâche suivante est toujours prête.
  6. Les cinq premières minutes décident de toutC’est au début du cours que tout peut basculer. L’appel, la sortie des cahiers et la mise en route cassent le démarrage de la séance. Ces minutes ne doivent pas rester vides : une tâche d’entrée en cours, affichée avant l’arrivée des élèves, les met au travail dès qu’ils entrent, pendant que le professeur fait l’appel. Cette tâche est ensuite reprise dans la séance ; elle n’est jamais un simple passe-temps.
  7. Rendre les premières minutes à l’enseignementLes cours deviennent aussi ingérables parce que l’on demande au professeur d’accomplir des tâches administratives avant même que le cours commence : faire l’appel, renseigner PRONOTE, déposer les exercices en ligne, alors que la classe suivante arrive déjà. Ces tâches ont leur utilité, mais elles devraient être prises en charge ailleurs, à un autre moment, par d’autres personnes ou selon une autre organisation. C’est l’organisation d’ensemble qui est à repenser, pour que les premières minutes appartiennent à l’enseignement.
  8. Être présent dans sa têteLe professeur fait cours l’esprit libre, attentif à la classe et au contenu, et non guidé par la peur du chahut. La peur pousse à improviser ; la préparation libère.
  9. Boire et aller aux toilettes : mon engagementDans mon cours, chaque élève peut garder une gourde d’eau sur sa table et boire quand il en a besoin, même pendant qu’il travaille : de l’eau uniquement, pas de soda ni de boisson sucrée. Je ne refuse jamais d’aller aux toilettes à un élève qui en a besoin. Empêcher quelqu’un de boire ou d’aller aux toilettes est cruel, et cela ralentit le cerveau. Nos élèves sont des corps vivants : bien s’hydrater aide leur santé et diminue la fatigue. J’ai remarqué que les jeunes étudiants chinois gardent tous une gourde en classe ; c’est un geste simple que je veux voir dans ma salle.In my class, you may keep a water bottle on your desk and drink whenever you need to, even while you work: water only, no sodas. If you need the toilet, I will never say no.

Repères vérifiés sur l’eau et l’attention

C. J. Edmonds et D. Burford, « Should children drink more water? The effects of drinking water on cognition in children », Appetite, 52(3), 2009, p. 776-779 (doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.010) : 58 enfants de 7 à 9 ans ; ceux qui ont reçu de l’eau en plus se disent moins assoiffés et réussissent mieux des tâches d’attention visuelle.

D. Benton et N. Burgess, « The effect of the consumption of water on the memory and attention of children », Appetite, 53(1), 2009, p. 143-146 (doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.006) : 40 enfants d’environ 8 ans et demi ; meilleure mémoire après 300 ml d’eau, sans effet mesuré sur l’attention soutenue.

Ces deux études portent sur de jeunes enfants et de petits effectifs : elles invitent à la prudence, mais vont dans le même sens. Côté santé publique, Manger Bouger (Santé publique France) rappelle que l’eau est « la seule boisson recommandée » et conseille de limiter le plus possible sodas et boissons sucrées ; le NHS recommande 6 à 8 verres de liquide par jour et précise que les enfants devraient éviter complètement les boissons gazeuses sucrées.

Un cours bien conçu et bien mené est la meilleure protection du professeur et le premier respect dû aux élèves.

Ce que cela change dans cette séquence

Chaque séance s’ouvre sur une tâche d’entrée en cours de cinq minutes, à projeter avant la sonnerie (bouton Project full screen) ; l’encadré professeur donne un minutage minute par minute ; chaque tâche principale existe en trois niveaux ; un atelier de prononciation exigeant figure dans chaque séance.

« Mettre du beau partout où je passe. » Put beauty wherever I go.

For teachers: marking grid for written work (out of 20, lycée général et technologique)

Use this grid for every piece of written work in the sequence. The mark stays between 0 and 20: never below 0, never above 20.

Base: 10 points if the task is met.

Bonuses (up to plus 10)Points
Clear plan, followed+2
Introduction+1
Conclusion+1
Linking words+1
Figures of speech+1
Integrated quotations+2
General knowledge+2
Points taken off (up to minus 11)Points
Grammar: more than 4 errorsminus 3
Vocabulary: more than 4 errorsminus 5
Phrasing or reasoning: more than 2 errorsminus 3

Worked example: task met (10); plan, introduction and quotations (plus 5); grammar (minus 3). Total: 12 / 20.

© 2026 Madame Carole Paoli Pompougnac · Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence: you may use it with credit, no commercial use, no changes. Images: see individual credits.